Japan,+Korea,+and+Vietnam

ESPIRIT
 * E || * Peasants and merchants often talked about integration of Chinese imports
 * silk, hemp, paper, dyes and vegetable oils made by peasants for the to help both the lord and themselves
 * collected taxes from peasants

M.I - Economy was small in early Japan and somewhat controlled || > Japanese social ranking determined by birth collapse of central authority sped-up due to civil wars b/c of heirs to the throne M.I. - In early Japan, religion mostly focused on believing nature spirits but as a centralized gov't formed, buddahist political powers also increased. ||
 * S || * Buddhist monks grew powerful after reforms
 * Court and aristocracy fearer street demonstrations by “rowdy monks” and the demands from the heads of the monastic orders
 * Aristocrats taken most of gov’t positions, rights of building rural estates restored
 * members of imperial court lived in complex palaces and gardens
 * Ranks determined by birth and mobility was limited
 * women were the ones who wrote poems and played music
 * Japanese peasants reduced to serfs ﻿bounded them to the land
 * creation of samerais who were dicatcted to warfare
 * men replaced women in thericatl
 * some peasants revolted due to lack of food
 * growth of commerce and women's role in hand production => women's status avoided sharp drops
 * aristocratics lived with the courts little social status ||
 * P || * **Taika reforms** aimed at revamping imperial administration to be similar to Chinese
 * Japanese monarch => absolutist Chinese-style emperor
 * Wanted to create a genuine professional bureaucracy and a peasant army (given up)
 * Reforms were abandoned by the emperor after failing to control the monks and great aristocratic families were restored
 * Had a Chinese-style bureaucracy and society but eventually changed to aristocratic families/warlords
 * Women never allowed to take the throne after a monk’s plans to marry the empress and then become the emperor was foiled
 * aristocratic families such as the Fujiwara, had huge influence over imperial affairs
 * upper administration was packed with family members and daughters were married off (4 daughters were married to emperors
 * landed estates => families creating "little kingdoms"
 * mini-states created (somewhat similar to feudalism)
 * within mini-states **bushi** administered laws, supervised public work projects and collected taxes
 * Hojo family took contro of the Kamakura regime after his death
 * Ashikaga Takuaji led revolt which overthrew the Kamakura regime and the shogun
 * est. Ashikaga Shogunate
 * Japan eventually divided into 300 little kingdoms that were controlled by the daimyos ||
 * I || * Elites divided about how and which Chinese influence should be introduced
 * During Taika, Nara and Heian periods, Japanese borrowed many aspects of life from China
 * cooperation b/w monastic order and court aristocrats => secret texts
 * **samurai** created by bushi as own personal army
 * Gempie Wars bought great suffering for peasants and farmlands
 * R || * Integration of the worship of Buddhist deities and ancient kami
 * Buddhists were forbidden to est. monasteries in new capital city of Heian
 * many people turned to Buddhism
 * to avoid hard life
 * Zen Buddhism spread b/c of the attempt to avoid Japan becoming barbarianism again
 * Zen monasteries = key point in the revival of Chinese influence in Japan
 * Zen monasteries = key point in the revival of Chinese influence in Japan
 * I || * Indigenous cultural influences (Shinto views of natural and supernatural world) was central to Japanese cultural development
 * Japanese court scholars had to master Chinese characters
 * Wrote dynastic historic patterns similar to those written after Chinese emperors
 * The Tale of the Genji **
 * result of mixing of Japanese and Chinese = poetic and literary works to be created

M.I - there was a lack of creation in technological advances in Japan ||
 * **practice of seppuku from warrior code that stresses family honor**
 * **Zen Buddhism contributed to the creation of beautiful gardens** ||
 * T || * military weapons and armors
 * new tools, greater use of draft animals, and new crops
 * new irragation army

Chinese influences   · Imperial administration  · Bureaucratic system  · peasant conscript army  · Confucianism  · Chinese styled temples,  · Buddhist art  · Buddhism = way of life  · Zen Buddhism  · worship of Buddhist deities  · ranks aristocrats were divided into  · guild organizations for workers (borrowed from Europe) ||  · determined rank was by birth and little mobility allowed  · polite behavior followed by men and women at one point in time  · simplified conscript borrowed ** from China **  · // The Tale of Genji // and other literary works <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Warrior Elites' control of Japan <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · shogun and samurai <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · a military government <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · practice of seppuku || <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Buddhism = key link b/w korea and successors of han dynasty <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Sinification of China and Korea’s cultures <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Chinese style bureaucracy <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Unified law code pattern in Kosomeh <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Chinese conscript, learning, art and manufactured goods <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Similar looking capital cities <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Dynastic rule (near end of section?) Korea willingly submitted since they knew by submission they will have easier access to Chinese learning but, later they extended and formed their own unique culture || <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · determined rank was by birth and little mobility allowed <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · built monasteries and pagodas <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · culture peaked as a result of influence <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · religious arts by the elites <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · advanced the technique of porcelain manufacture learned basic from Chinese <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · art of printing <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · honey used as glue to hold printing press <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> ·  || <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Chinese culture introduced to southern part – culture = role in society <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Chinese-style schools taught in Chinese script about China <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Bureaucratic system was smaller version of the Chinese Chinese invaded Vietnam and they feared losing their own unique culture || <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Allowed intermarriage <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Spoken language =/= Chinese <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Nuclear family > extended family <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Women = more free <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Art, literature were distinct from Chinese <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Cropping techniques and irrigation tech <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Some poetry by women <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Indepence –seems so far only area to stand for itself <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Buddhists had more of a link with Viet peasants than Asians ||
 * || Borrowed from China  ||  Unique to country  ||
 * Japan || <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Chinese characters
 * Korea || <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · sedentary farming and metalworking techniques
 * Vietnam || <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Superior technology, modes of political organization, and ideas

Summary : Chinese influence on Korea, Vietnam and Japan Chinese influnce was bought on to btoh Korea and Vietnam forcefully whereas for Japan, people willingly brought Chinese ideas back to their country. Due to Japan not being connected to the mainland, the Chinese failed to conquer the Japanese. Mostly the elites who had been in the Chinese captial were the ones that wanted the same setup in Japan as the Chinese, but other aristocratic powers in Japan adopted it at first but eventually collasped and an unique style was created. Both Korea and Vietnam had been conquered by the Chinese, also they were in close proxmity to one another, which allowed greater influences.