Russia,+Japan+and+the+West

1. What was the Decembrist uprising? What were its causes and effects? -The Decembrist uprising was a revolt of Western taught army officials. It was caused by Russia's ruling elite acceptance of Western artistic style. Repression of politcial opponents stiffened and the secret police increased. As a result of the political repression, Russia avoided the revolutions that occurred in Europe. Wanted to incorp liberal and radical ideas only made new tsar new converative
 * Russia **

2. What were the weaknesses of the Russian economy? -As Industrialization took place in the West, Russia did not keep up with them which cause them to fall behind. Russia also remained as an agricultural society that was dependent on serfs. Non existence change, no manufaturing or technology, serfs didn’t care

3. What caused the Crimean War? what were its major effects? -Caused by the Nicholas I as he claimed that Russia should be the one protecting the Holy Land. Both the French and British did not want Russia to gain power in the area controlled by the Ottomans because to the British it may threaten their rule of India while for the French, they saw themselves as the protectors of Christianity. Majors effects were the push for reforms of the economy /military reforms  because Russia had lost the war because of the Industrial advantage.

4. Why were serfs emancipated? how did their emancipation differ from the emancipation of slaves in the U.S.? What changes did it create? -The serfs were emancipated because in order for Russia to push towards industrialization, peasants class created from serfs  there has to be a mobile labor force. A larger urban work force was created.

5 What were the Zemstvoes? How successful were they? <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">-The Zemstvoes were local political councils created by the tsar which had a voice in regulating roads, schools and regional policies. This was not successful on a national level because the tsar maintained both his authority and the bureaucracy.

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">6. What was the significance of the Trans-Siberian railroad? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">-When building the railroad, it also stimulated the coal and iron economy within Russia. Also with the development of railroads Russia has a bigger role and is more active. <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Stimulated the wheat economy

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">7. What economic reforms were enaced by Sergei Witte? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">- <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">adamante on economic mobilization, <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">high tariffs to protect the new Russian industries, improve banking system and encouraged Western investors to build factories with advanced technology

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">8. What were the signs that Russia was headed to revolution? (think about - intelligentsia, anarchists, Marxists, Bolsheviks.) <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">-With the increase of Western ideas being adopted in, there were many multiracial states that formed. More peasant rebellions occurred as a result of famines and taxes. There is a split in society because the want for political voice and new rights. Revolution seems to occur soon through increase terrorism to abolish the gov’t and eventually killed the tsar.

1. Explain major developments in Japan in the early 1800's -The shogunate attempted to try and combine a central bureaucracy with alliances between regional daiymos and the samurai. Intellectual life and culture developed under the Tokugawa regime. During this time, there is an increase in education and eventually Japan's literately rates were the highest anywhere. Continueing of Dutch studies = rejecting of traditional Chinese, more developed industrializtion
 * Japan: Transformation without Revolution**

2. What effect did the actions of Commodore Perry have on Japan? (include details on Samurai discontent) -When Commodore Perry had gone to Japan, he had used threats to bomb Tokyo if ports to trade with America. He returned to America later with the right to station an American consul in Japan. This causes European nations to quickly go to Japan and open ports using similar methods. Tatics similar to Opium War, advocating developement of modern navy to protect,

3. List the actions taken by the Meiji State -wanted to abolish feudalism by replacing daimyos with appointed prefects -sent samurai abroad to study economy,political and technology -abolished samurai class after their basic goals changed in 1873 -bureaucracy expands -constitution created in 1889 and limited power of emperor with house of **Diet** Parliament also created.

4. Explain how Japan Industrialized - (Private and government roles) -Japan industrialized with the help of Westerners such as officials who helped Japan establish a modern navy. The government increased attention to things that were needed in order to industrialize such as banks to fund growing trade and provide capital to industrials. Older restrictions were destroyed meaning guilds were removed and tariffs removed. railroads, private farmers use fertilizer, gov't involvement

5. List ways that Industrialization changed Japan -by the 1880s, japan has had model shipyards, arsenals, and factories to provide new technology and experience the work forces -more agressive foreign policies -population growth and reduced death rates -> better medicines and doctors -urbanization -abundant low-cost laborers -universal education system leads all other nations in literacy -need for expansion for raw material

6. What division within Japanese society were created by modernization? -There were clashes within the political system between the parliament and emperor on who can determine policies. Diet was often dissolved. Intellectually, scholars copied Western ideas which was bad because its could lead to complete Western thinking. They feared the loss of identity. Choose Western style clothing showed clashes between traditional and new thinkings.

-Both Japan and China had isolated themselves from the rest of the world until they were forced open by Western powers. Japan was more willing to change unlike China which meant they were lesss conservative. Russia was able to change due to Catherine and Peter the Great's push for Westernization and the close approximatly to Europe. China had a much larger population so Westernization was more difficult to reach all of China -Japan industrialized with the help of Westerners such as officials who helped Japan establish a modern navy. -The shogunate attempted to try and combine a central bureaucracy with alliances between regional daiymos and the samurai. Intellectual life and culture developed under the Tokugawa regime. During this time, there is an increase in education and eventually Japan's literately rates were the highest anywhere.
 * Read In Depth p. 627 and answer questions


 * Analyze the two faces of Western Influence p.630