China


 * 1.1 - Leader Analysis Sheet - Shi Huangdi **
 * Name of Leader: Shi Huangdi ||
 * Lifespan: 259 B.C.E. – 210 B.C.E || Title: Qin Shi Huangdi (First Emperor) ||
 * Country/region: China || Years in Power : 11 (221 B.C.E – 210 B.C.E.) ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Yearning for unity and an end to civil strife
 * Downfall of Zhou dynasty
 * Deposed the last Zhou emperor ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Worked hard to undo the regional powers of aristocrats
 * Attacked formal culture by burning books
 * Punished men like he was afraid that he would not get them all ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Built the Great Wall
 * Extended Chinese territory and political control to the south
 * Order national census to determine the nation’s resources
 * China organized into large provinces ruled by bureaucrats picked by the emperor ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Standardized coinage, weights, and measures throughout realm
 * Government furthered agriculture, sponsoring new irrigation projects and promoted manufacturing || Long-Term Effects
 * Made Chinese written script uniform
 * Responsible for some innovations in Chinese politics and culture ||

Civilization/Nation/Group – Han China Time Period – 202 B.C.E – 220 C.E
 * 1.2 - ESPIRIT Chart - Han China**
 * E || * Created by one peasant leader who defeated other opponents when revolts broke out after Shi Huangdi’s death
 * Expanded Chinese territory into Korea, Indochina and central China
 * Peace enforced in China which brought great prosperity
 * Imperial government played a role in iron and salt production and sponsored public works ||
 * S || * Most bureaucrats were nobles, individuals from the lower class were recruited
 * Tight family organizations helped solidify economic, social views and political views
 * Parents not punished for hurting child, child punished by law for scolding parents
 * Men > women, boys > girls, oldest child > rest of siblings ||
 * P || * Rounded out China’s basic political and intellectual structure
 * Retained Qin’s centralized administration but wanted to reduce the brutal repression
 * Famous Han ruler is Wu Ti (140 – 87 B.C.E.)
 * Workings of the state bureaucracy improved
 * China’s bureaucracy provided check on complete upper-class rule and limited arbitrary power of the emperor ||
 * I || * No other government had the organization and staff to reach people directly until modern times
 * Took at least a month for a directive from the capital city to reach outer districts ||
 * R || * Wu Ti urged support of Confucianism
 * Shrines est. to worship the philosopher as a god
 * Legalism was in early Han period but never got the widespread approval ||
 * I || * Examinations created for bureaucrats
 * Covered classic Chinese lit/law
 * School est. to train men with talent and ability for national examinations ||
 * T || * Required every male peasant to take part of annual labor which resulted in the building of canals, roads, and palaces
 * New collar invented for animals allowing them to pull plows/wagons without choking
 * Pulleys and winding gears help bring iron materials to the surface
 * First water-powered mills introduced
 * Paper invented ||

Main idea - By not separating everyone by what and how much they know and be more close towards nature which allows you to be more free without rivalry.
 * 1.3 - Daoism**

Summary - Daoism is basically having the government do less and allow the people more freedom. Instead of worrying about war or political issues, one should embrace nature more. The amount of knowledge would not lead to much problems with learning not being one's primary focus. Also by not showing the amount of wealth you have, others will not become jealous or steal.

Daoism was best for China after the era of warring states because it provided a sense of unity and Wars that occurred may have happened mostly because of government actions and not what that people want, with Daoism people will determine their actions and others's actions. Rivalries will be also eliminated since people with superior abilities or more knowledge will not be valued as much.

"I will do nothing, and the people will be transformed of themselves; I will be fond of keeping still, and the people will of themselves become correct. I will take no trouble about it, and the people will of themselves become rich; I will manifest no ambition, and the people will of themselves attain to the primitive simplicity."


 * Daoism was the best philoshy in that time because it provided a sense of unity. othere religions had political difficulties,like confusism was too easy going, legalism was too harah. Daoism is less active goverenment and more freedom.


 * a sage has said, "I will do nothing, and the people will be transformed of themselves; I will be fond of keeping still, and the people will of themselves become correct. I will take no trouble about it, and the people will of themselves become rich; I will manifest no ambition, and the people will of themselves attain to the primitive simplicity."


 * Daoism is about harmony, nature, and without the involvement of the government. It was created by Lao Zi, who believes in Confucius. Daoism is the originator of heaven and earth. People were able to have freedom and things should go the way that nature goes. When things should go the way it goes, the people should follow it as a law. Daoism is a philosophy that considers people and government to do nothing, letting faith take the lead. Also, people are able to let go of their dignity and everything else to be nice to everyone, there won’t be any bad things happening in this world. The government shouldn’t take over and let people have their rights for their freedom to do what they like. It provides system of unity during times of political turmoil. Daoism would be the best philosophy for China following the era of warring states because it keeps China out of trouble. They won’t have to deal with invasions from other parts of the world and would have more time to develop their country more. Also, people won’t have to be under the rules of a ruler that might possese a lot of power. Also, people are able to have a say in the government and no money is being taken from them.


 * 1.4 - Classical China Terms **
 * Shi Huangdi || * Emperor of the Qin dynasty
 * brutal leader who killed many people
 * changed power from aristocrats to hand-picked bureaucrats
 * started work on the Great Wall ||
 * Qin || * conferred on the whole country its name for China
 * responsible for a number of innovations in Chinese politics and culture
 * short-lived dynasty, lasted about 11 years ||
 * Han || * Dynasty that lasted over 400 years
 * est. by peasant leader after defeating opponents in revolts created by Shi Huangdi's death
 * retained centralized administration of the Qin but reduced the brutality
 * expanded Chinese territories
 * most famous ruler is Wu Ti who enforced peace throughout Asia ||
 * Zhou || * lasted from 1029 to 258 B.C.E
 * beset by decline in the political infrastructure and invasions by nomadic people
 * had no powerful government, ruled through alliances
 * worked towards providing greater cultural unity in empire ||
 * Great Wall || * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Building started by Shi Huangdi and extended over 3000 miles
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">largest construction project in human history
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">built with forced labor
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">used to guard outside invasions ||
 * Daoism || * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">philosophy where an individual should try to find the harmony of nature (yin/yang)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">believed that government should have a lesser role and allow people more freedom ||
 * Confucianism || * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">people did not have too much freedom and government didn't have too much power
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">also believed that elders should be respected ||
 * Legalism || * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">believed that all humans are evil and need a set of laws to keep chaos from breaking out ||
 * Bureaucracy || * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">mostly used by the Qin
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">state ruled by having bureaucrats assigned to a province ||


 * 1.5 - Summary of China**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">In Classical China, three dynasties had been created but eventually met their downfall but the philosophies created during those times had remained for many centuries. The Zhou had no powerful government but instead ruled through alliances. The Qin was a short lived dynasty lasting only about 11 years. The emperor of the Qin was a brutal leader which was why many revolts broke out when he died. During these revolts, a peasant leader had beaten other opponents and created the Han dynasty. The Han had rounded out China’s basic political and intellectual structure. Daoism (belief that one should be more with nature and government should have a lesser role), Confucianism (belief in moral ethics and respect for elders) and Legalism (belief that a set of laws should govern everybody) were products from the three dynasties and had shaped how China was at the time.