The+West

The West could refer to both the countries in Western Europe and both the Americas. The Americas would known as the West since they are west of Europeans nations with a lot of power and influence. Western Europe may fall under the West because they are the other half of Europe and are close to the Americas.
 * 1. Using Scribble Maps outline the nations that you think are included when we discuss "The West". After embedding the map explain your rationale**

Bouncing Back? MI - During this time period, there is an increase of cultural changes as well as modern ones.
 * 2. Read p. 673- 678 - and 690 - 695 Outline notes**
 * **cubist movement** led by Pablo Picasso where writers/composers challenged stylistic traditions,
 * modern designs of architecture gained ground and achievements in sciences such as Albert Einstein's theories of relativity
 * middle class women beginning to participate in popular culture activities, women also beginning to gain the right to vote
 * key economic sectors did not recover and was slow in Western Europe, communists party beginning to take hold in Europe

Other Industrial Centers MI - Both the US and Japan slowly surpass Great Britain as the world economic powers.
 * three white dominions of Great Britain received a lot of benefits from being in WWI -> independence and equal status w/ Britain
 * gained solid export growth and pop. increase
 * US economy and culture advanced rapidly in 1920s
 * corporations using research+development, work system organization changed, assembly line,
 * jazz spread from African Americans from the South and Hollywood becomes global film capital
 * US refused to join League of Nations and continued isolationist policy and effected by Red Scare
 * Japan goes through industrialization -> agricultural output increases, and developed heavy industrial sector
 * cheap exports to the West

New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism MI - Nationalism gave birth to Fascism as a need for aggressive foreign policies.
 * **Benito Mussolini** formed Fascio di combattimento in Italy where fascists wished to replace capitalism and socialism
 * fascists saw need for aggressive nationalist foreign policies and were prepared to seize power with any means
 * Fascism gained roots in 19th century with groups disenchanted with liberal, parliamentary systems and social conflicts
 * Nationalists resented fact that Italy did not gain land from the war and labor unrests began
 * Italian king called on Mussolini to create new gov't -> eliminated most opposition

The New Nations of East Central Europe MI - After the world war, nations who participated and did not receive any land as a result, lead to authoritarian regimes.
 * authoritarian regimes also took roots in central Europe
 * many new nations consumed by nationalists after they did not gain much territory after the war
 * arrived either through dictatorship, or monarch seizure of power => results of social tensions
 * Europeans countries that still depended on agriculture hit hard by collapse of prices and the Depression
 * peasants begin movements b/c of hunger and aristocratic estates repressed them by supporting authoritarian

A Balance Sheet MI - The US began to become more isolated from the rest of the world allowing them to benefit financially.
 * complex changes in Europe and Japan in 1920s
 * industrial/social changes w/ signs of creativity in culture/sciences/arts
 * United States became more isolated
 * economy of Europe challenged by rising economy of US and Japan

Causation MI - Postwar lead to sudden drop in food prices because of the overproduction that farmers grew to supply troops in the war.
 * farmers faced overproduction and lower prices of food postwar
 * economies in France/Germany recovering but fear of postwar inflation remained making the gov't unable to do anything
 * US loans helped European enterprises
 * most dependent areas suffering badly in the world economy
 * colonization lead to over outputting of goods and depression occurred in areas of exporting
 * nationalistic selfishness predominated and Western nations worried more about debts rather than setting up tariffs
 * protectionism reduced market opportunities and made a bad situation worse
 * Western industrial sectors begin to decline in late 1920s

The Debacle MI - As the Great Depression hit the US, it also had effects over nations overseas.
 * Depression occurs in 1929 when stock market collapses and US begins to call for debts to be paid
 * investments beginning to recede as banks failed and industrial production decreased
 * new problems developing for workers as many have no jobs, 1/3 of workers lose their jobs
 * women and children found jobs easier
 * Depression weaken an already weak economy
 * Japan suffered from artificial silk-life fibers

Responses to the Depression in Western Europe MI - As an attempt to combat the Depression, national tariffs actually worsened their own nation.
 * national tariffs raised to keep goods of other countries out -> worsen the economy
 * gov't trying to avoid inflation and to reduce gov't spending
 * Great Depression causes parliamentary system or the overturning of one
 * France response was slow so Rightists movements called for a strong leader = growing nationalism
 * **Popular Front** - created by liberal/socialist/communist parties
 * unable to take strong measures of social reforms
 * fell in 1938 but remained in France

The New Deal MI -
 * another creative responses made by President to Herbert Hoover
 * US wanted to speed up the debt collections make it to other countries
 * **New Deal** policies offered direct aid to Americans even if a risk
 * Social Security System was one innovation
 * economic stimulation in industrial and agriculture
 * new period of rapid growth

The Rise of Nazism MI -

The Spread of Fascism and the Spanish Civil War MI - Economic and Political Changes in Latin America MI -
 * Nazi triumph in Germany spurs fascism in other Euro countries
 * Mussolini attack Ethiopia b/c one of territories they did not obtain
 * no challenges from League of Nations since US did not join
 * fascism in Spain leads to Spanish Civil War which was led of General Francisco Franco
 * forces supported parliamentary republic with social reforms
 * France, Britain and US made vague supporting gestures but offered no concrete aid
 * Franco won in 1939 but regime not 100% fascists
 * limitation of liberalism was increasing apparent in Latin America
 * middle class emerged and began politics but gained power only with traditional oligarchy
 * artists who previously looked towards Europe now look towards Latin America b/c of its history for values and solutions
 * students in Argentina started university reforms which spread to other countries

WWII

-Major effects of decolonization post-WWII on Europe was the fact that European countries began to see that by trying to keep these nations, it would cost too much money and effort and isn't worth it anymore. Another effect was when the former settler officials returned to their main country only to not have much politicial impact or power. Overall Europe's world power was reduced.
 * Read chapter 31p.732 - 750**
 * What were the major effects of decolonization post WWII on Europe?

-The Cold War basically divided Europe with an iron curtain that the Soviets had placed. The iron curtain refers to Czechoslavakia, Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary, nations that the Soviets had taken over and created a communist gov't for. The Soviets also had control over East Germany meaning that they were very close to the heart of Europe. This division ultimately lead to the creation of NATO by the US/Canada/Western Europe and the Warsaw Pact by the Soviets.
 * How did the Cold War divide Europe? What were the implications of this division?

-Movements that had opposed parliamentary democracy prior to the world war was discredit and communist and socialist leaders began to accept democratic procedures. In Germany, to avoid the mistakes of the previous regime, the US/Britain/France outlawed extremist political movements. Other European countries that was under semifascist constitutions moved towards democracy after the death of their strong leader.
 * Why did European governments move towards Liberal Democracies?

-The welfare state is a gov't that creates health and wellness programs in order to protect their citizens. (Medical aid for elderly and poor) They developed There were many issues with welfare states including the fact that it was expensive. With the creation of welfare states, technocrats came up to fore while in gov't offices.
 * What was the welfare state? Why did they develop? what were the issues?

-US to help Western Europe on economic recovery -Marshall Plan -> partial rearmament of Germany -> German participation in NATO -nations of Low Countries join in activity of tying Germany economic activity to international framework so peace will not be threatened -formed European Union with single economic entity
 * Trace growing diplomatic relationships within Europe


 * Outline economic development in Europe
 * welfare state and European Union encouraged economic growth and improved purchasing power
 * agricultural production/productivity increase as peasant farmers adopted new equips and seeds
 * growth rate of European economies grew depending on technological change
 * shrinking agricultural labor force = rising food prices
 * factory workers begin to drop while service workers begin to increase
 * rise of immigration as a result of work shortages in parts of the continent
 * economic growth + low unemployment = increase purchase of comsumer goods


 * Outline the post war development of the non-European West (Excluding the United States)
 * Canada creates greater medical insurance than the US and economic integration began
 * sense of nationalism => signing of free-trade agreement b/w Canada and the US
 * growing agitation by French Canadians leads to formation of separatist party = limitation of English language and push for independence
 * Australia and New Zealand moving away from alignment w/ Britain
 * joined mutual defense pact w/ US in 1951 in fear of communism
 * eventually barred away from US foreign policy in 1980s

-The US was seen as a superpower as it began to oppose the Soviets as well as becoming the leading defender of democracy. They began to become involved with peace in the rest of the world as the previous power, Great Britain, was incapable of policing the world against the Soviets. As a result of US and Soviet tensions, the cold war emerged. This intensified more as the Korean War started where each side was backed by a superpower. -WWII = more factory and clerical jobs, trend continues after war -more girls stay in school = drop in teenage employment -women begin to gain rights to vote as well as a higher education -access to divorces, abortion law eased and development of birth control -surge of feminist protest -> try to define new identities -new feminism takes place -> did not win all women
 * Explain the growing role of the United States in world affairs
 * Trace developments for women in the post war West


 * Outline cultural developments in Europe.
 * greater political stability in US 1930s-1940s = prominent intellectuals
 * expansion of US universities = more scientific research = European scientists come to US
 * developments and achievements in space and sciences -> DNA/nuclear/space
 * self expression and nonrepresentational techniques in arts
 * increase of abstract paintings
 * film industry in Europe grew as filmmakers from many nations being to portray urban life
 * compared to US counterparts, Europe were higher artistic merit
 * results of economic and social changes - coca cola / jeans / gum
 * youth fashions being to separate from the standards of the upper class
 * change in sexual culture as it geared towards pleasure seeking